In the sideline primary survey, which components are assessed first?

• A. Airway, Breathing, Circulation
• B. History and vitals
• C. Palpation and functional tests
• D. Wound cleaning and dressing

Answer: (A)

The focus is on prioritizing life-threatening issues in the sideline primary survey. Start by making sure the airway is open and clear, because without an open airway, oxygen can’t reach the lungs and brain damage can occur within minutes. If the airway is compromised, intervene to open it and remove any blockage, using techniques appropriate for suspected neck injury (such as a jaw-thrust).

Once the airway is secure, assess breathing to ensure the athlete is ventilating adequately. Look for chest rise, listen for breath sounds, and note rate and depth. If breathing is absent or insufficient, provide rescue breaths or assist ventilation as needed to maintain oxygen delivery.

After airway and breathing are addressed, evaluate circulation. Check for a pulse and signs of perfusion, and control any major bleeding immediately; if there is no pulse and no breathing, begin CPR.

Other items listed belong to later stages of assessment or to wound care, not to the initial, life-saving sequence of the primary survey.