Which tools are commonly used to assess concussion in athletes?

• A. MRI and CT
• B. GCS and vitals
• C. ROM and strength testing
• D. SCAT5 and BESS

Answer: (D)

Assessing concussion in athletes relies on standardized, sport-specific tools that quickly identify symptom burden, cognitive changes, and balance deficits. The combination of SCAT5 and the Balance Error Scoring System provides this targeted evaluation right on the sideline and in clinics. SCAT5 guides a structured concussion exam: symptom check, cognitive screening, a brief memory test, orientation questions, a neck assessment, and a balance screen; it is designed to be rapidly administered and repeated over time to track progress. BESS focuses on static balance with a set of stance tests on different surfaces, helping detect balance impairment that often accompanies concussion. Together, they give a practical, validated snapshot of impairment that informs decisions about return to play and when to refer for further evaluation. Imaging like MRI or CT is reserved for when red flags or suspected structural injury exist, not for routine concussion assessment. The Glasgow Coma Scale and vitals provide general clinical status but miss sport-related cognitive and balance deficits, and ROM and strength testing address musculoskeletal function more than concussion symptoms.